He is my nephew his name is ATHARV. One interesting fact is that he learnt to smile when he was just 15 days old contrasting to what we can't do for whole life...................
Monday, May 19, 2008
MY NEPHEW
He is my nephew his name is ATHARV. One interesting fact is that he learnt to smile when he was just 15 days old contrasting to what we can't do for whole life...................
Personal
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Hi friends this is a place in delhi at Qutub minar. This place is fascinating and a treat to watch...................................Succes Quotations
We are all motivated by a keen desire for praise, and the better a man is, the more he is inspired to glory.--Cicero
Along with success comes a reputation for wisdom.--Euripides
They can because they think they can.--Virgil
Nothing can stop the man with the right mental attitude from achieving his goal; nothing on earth can help the man with the wrong mental attitude.--Thomas Jefferson
Keep steadily before you the fact that all true success depends at last upon yourself.--Theodore T. Hunger
Success is the sum of small efforts, repeated day in and day out.--Robert Collier
The thing always happens that you really believe in; and the belief in a thing makes it happen.--Frank Loyd Wright
A failure is a man who has blundered, but is not able to cash in on the experience.--Elbert Hubbard
There is only one success--to be able to spend your life in your own way.--Christopher Morley
Failures do what is tension relieving, while winners do what is goal achieving.--Dennis Waitley
The difference between a successful person and others is not a lack of strength, not a lack of knowledge, but rather a lack in will.--Vince Lombardi
I cannot give you the formula for success, but I can give you the formula for failure--which is:Try to please everybody.--Herbert Bayard Swope
Success does not consist in never making blunders, but in never making the same one a second time.--Josh Billings
The secret of success in life is for a man to be ready for his opportunity when it comes.--Earl of Beaconsfield
Success is the good fortune that comes from aspiration, desperation, perspiration and inspiration.--Evan Esar
If you wish success in life, make perseverance your bosom friend, experience your wise counselor, caution your elder brother, and hope your guardian genius.--Jospeph Addison
Impatience never commanded success.--Edwin H. Chapin
The talent of success is nothing more than doing what you can do, well.--Henry W. LongfellowTo climb steep hills requires a slow pace at first.--Shakespeare
Try not to become a man of success but a man of value.--Albert Einstein
The man who makes a success of an important venture never wails for the crowd. He strikes out for himself. It takes nerve, it takes a great lot of grit; but the man that succeeds has both. Anyone can fail. The public admires the man who has enough confidence in himself to take a chance. These chances are the main things after all. The man who tries to succeed must expect to be criticized. Nothing important was ever done but the greater number consulted previously doubted the possibility. Success is the accomplishment of that which most people think can't be done.--C. V. White
And one quote just for fun.....If at first you don't succeed, try, try again. Then quit. There's no use being a damn fool about it.--W.C. Fields
Along with success comes a reputation for wisdom.--Euripides
They can because they think they can.--Virgil
Nothing can stop the man with the right mental attitude from achieving his goal; nothing on earth can help the man with the wrong mental attitude.--Thomas Jefferson
Keep steadily before you the fact that all true success depends at last upon yourself.--Theodore T. Hunger
Success is the sum of small efforts, repeated day in and day out.--Robert Collier
The thing always happens that you really believe in; and the belief in a thing makes it happen.--Frank Loyd Wright
A failure is a man who has blundered, but is not able to cash in on the experience.--Elbert Hubbard
There is only one success--to be able to spend your life in your own way.--Christopher Morley
Failures do what is tension relieving, while winners do what is goal achieving.--Dennis Waitley
The difference between a successful person and others is not a lack of strength, not a lack of knowledge, but rather a lack in will.--Vince Lombardi
I cannot give you the formula for success, but I can give you the formula for failure--which is:Try to please everybody.--Herbert Bayard Swope
Success does not consist in never making blunders, but in never making the same one a second time.--Josh Billings
The secret of success in life is for a man to be ready for his opportunity when it comes.--Earl of Beaconsfield
Success is the good fortune that comes from aspiration, desperation, perspiration and inspiration.--Evan Esar
If you wish success in life, make perseverance your bosom friend, experience your wise counselor, caution your elder brother, and hope your guardian genius.--Jospeph Addison
Impatience never commanded success.--Edwin H. Chapin
The talent of success is nothing more than doing what you can do, well.--Henry W. LongfellowTo climb steep hills requires a slow pace at first.--Shakespeare
Try not to become a man of success but a man of value.--Albert Einstein
The man who makes a success of an important venture never wails for the crowd. He strikes out for himself. It takes nerve, it takes a great lot of grit; but the man that succeeds has both. Anyone can fail. The public admires the man who has enough confidence in himself to take a chance. These chances are the main things after all. The man who tries to succeed must expect to be criticized. Nothing important was ever done but the greater number consulted previously doubted the possibility. Success is the accomplishment of that which most people think can't be done.--C. V. White
And one quote just for fun.....If at first you don't succeed, try, try again. Then quit. There's no use being a damn fool about it.--W.C. Fields
A touching story............
A touching story............ My mom only had one eye. I hated her.... She was such an embarrassment. She cooked for students and teachers to support the family.There was this one day during elementary school where my mom came to say hello to me. I was so embarrassed.How could she do this to me? I ignored her, threw her a hateful look and ran out. The next day at school one of my classmates said, 'EEEE, your mom only has one eye!'I wanted to bury myself. I also wanted my mom to just disappear. I confronted her that day and said, ' If you're only gonna make me a laughing stock, why don't you just die?'My mom did not respond... I didn't even stop to think for a second about what I had said, because I was full of anger. I was oblivious to her feelings.I wanted out of that house, and have nothing to do with her. So I studied real hard, got a chance to go abroad to study. Then, I got married. I bought a house of my own. I had kids of my own. I was happy with my life, my kids and the comforts. Then one day, my Mother came to visit me. She hadn't seen me in years and she didn't even meet her grandchildren.When she stood by the door, my children laughed at her, and I yelled at her for coming over uninvited. I screamed at her, 'How dare you come to my house and scare my children!' GET OUT OF HERE! NOW!!!' And to this, my mother quietly answered, 'Oh, I'm so sorry. I may have gotten the wrong address,' and she disappeared out of sight. One day, a letter regarding a school reunion came to my house. So I lied to my wife that I was going on a business trip. After the reunion, I went to the old shack just out of curiosity.My neighbors said that she died. I did not shed a single tear. They handed me a letter that she had wanted me to have.'My dearest son,I think of you all the time. I'm sorry that I came to your house and scared your children. I was so glad when I heard you were coming for the reunion. But I may not be able to even get out of bed to see you. I'm sorry that I was a constant embarrassment to you when you were growing up.You see........when you were very little, you got into an accident, and lost your eye. As a mother, I couldn't stand watching you having to grow up with one eye. So I gave you mine.I was so proud of my son who was seeing a whole new world for me, in my place, with that eye.With all my love to you,Your mother.Always tell someone that you love them because you never know what day will be their last, or your own.Always seek to resolve your problems or disagreements with loved ones because if either of you should pass on before, the one who is left alive will have the rest of their life to ponder those unresolved feelings but will never find closure. And closure usually brings Peace... 'I asked God, 'How do I get the best out of life?' God said, 'Face your past without regrets. Handle yourpresent with confidence. And prepare for the futurewithout fear!''Greetings,
10 top Indian CEOs
Lakshmi Niwas Mittal
*S*teel tycoon Lakshmi Niwas Mittal is the richest Indian in the world, with an estimated wealth of $25 billion. He resides in London, has his company registered in the Netherlands, but still holds an Indian passport. Although Mittal Steel was already the world's biggest steel company, his king-sized ambitions were evident when he took over steel giant Arcelor to create a new steel behemoth -- Arcelor-Mittal.L N Mittal left India in the mid-1970s to start his career. He was sent to Indonesia by his father to shut down the family's ailing steel plant and sell the land. Instead, young Mittal saw an opportunity and turned the plant around.To prove that this was no fluke, Mittal acquired a 1.3 million tonne, Iscot Steel plant in Trinidad & Tobago, which was losing $100,000 a day. One year of Mittal-style management and it was making profits, the LN Mittal legend was born. That move helped him get into America.The Mexican government seeing the success that Mittal made of Iscot, asked him to take over their ailing steel plants in 1992.But it was not all that smooth. In 1994 Mittal had differences with his brothers and father, and went on to form his own company. The following year Mittal entered the European market, acquiring the 5 million tonne Kazakh steel plant, Karmet.Meanwhile, Mittal had listed Ispat International on the New York and Amsterdam Stock Exchanges in 1997. Eight years later Mittal Steel became the world's largest steel maker when he took over the US's largest steel producer -- the International Steel Group. He then consolidated all his steel holdings into Mittal Steel.
*Ratan Tata*
*Ratan Naval Tata, a bachelor, is the chairman of the Tata Group, India's most respected conglomerate. He was born into a Parsi family in Mumbai (then called Bombay) to Soonoo and Naval Hormusji Tata on December 28, 1937.He did a short stint with Jones and Emmons in Los Angeles, California, before returning to India in 1962. He had earlier turned down an IBM job offer.He joined the family business in 1962 and worked with many of his group's companies. He took over as group chairman from the legendary J R D Tata in 1991.Since then, he has been instrumental in boosting the fortunes of the Tata Group, which has amongst the largest market capitalisations in the Indian stock markets.Tata Motors developed the Tata Indica in 1998. This was the first 'entirely Indian' passenger car. Ratan Tata's dream now is to manufacture a car costing just Rs 100,000.Ratan Tata holds a degree in Architecture and Structural Engineering from Cornell University. He has also done the Advanced Management Program from Harvard Business School in 1974-1975.Ratan Tata was honoured with one of India's highest civilian awards, the Padma Bhushan, on January 26, 2000.
*Mukesh D Ambani*
*Mukesh Ambani, the chairman and managing director of India's largest private sector enterprise -- Reliance Industries Limited -- was born on April 19, 1957.His father, the legendary Dhirubhai Ambani, was then a small businessman who later on rose to become one of the legends of Indian industry.Mukesh joined Reliance Industries in 1981 and was the brain behind Reliance's backward integration from textiles into polyester fibres and into petrochemicals. During the process of backward integration, Mukesh Ambani led the creation of 51 new, world-class manufacturing facilities involving diverse technologies that raised Reliance's manufacturing capacities manifold.The world's largest grassroots petroleum refinery at Jamnagar is his brainchild. He was also the in-charge of Dhirubhai's dream project Reliance Infocomm. But after the split in the Reliance Empire, Reliance Infocomm went to his brother Anil.Mukesh Ambani is now planning to enter retail sector in a big way and will launch a chain of 'Reliance Fresh' retail stores. He also entered into an agreement with the Haryana government to establish a Special Economic Zone with an investment running into billions of rupees.He has a bachelor's degree in Chemical Engineering from University of Bombay and a master's in Business Administration from Stanford University, USA.
*Nandan Nilekani
**Nandan Nilekani is the CEO and managing director of Infosys Technologies. He, along with N R Narayana Murthy and five others, co-founded India's IT jewel, Infosys.Born in Bangalore to Durga and Mohan Rao Nilekani, he graduated from the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay.After graduation, he met Narayana Murthy, who then led Patni Computer Systems's software group, seeking a job. Murthy hired the young engineer. That was the beginning of a relationship that was to create Indian corporate history.Three years later, seven enthusiasts (including Nandan) decided to start their own outfit (Infosys Technologies Ltd) with Murthy in the lead. Their decision rewrote the domestic software industry of India.He became the chief executive officer of Infosys in March 2002. He now leads the company with Narayana Murthy having retired in August 2006.He is married to Rohini, an English-language novelist, and they have twochildren: daughter Janhavi and son Nihar. He speaks Konkani at home.In 2006, he was awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India. He is regarded by *Time* magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world in its issue of May 2006.
*Azim H Premji*
*A*zim Hashim Premji, the chairman of Wipro Technologies, is one of the richest Indians. He is an icon among Indian businessmen, especially in the software industry.Born on July 24, 1945, Premji was studying Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, USA when due to the sudden demise of his father, he was called upon to handle the family business at the age of 21.Wipro was then Western Indian Vegetable Products, a small cooking oil company. Premji diversified into bakery fats, ethnic ingredient based toiletries, hair care soaps, baby toiletries, lighting products and hydraulic cylinders. And then shifted focus from soaps to software.He transformed Wipro into one of India's most successful IT companies.Under Azim Premji's stewardship, Wipro has grown from a fledgling Rs 70 million oil company into an IT giant with a turnover of $2.4 billion and an employee strength of 57,000.Azim Premji has regularly featured in the *Forbes'* list of the world's richest people. He was also rated among the world's 100 most influential people by the *Time* magazine.In 2005, the Indian government honoured him with Padma Bhushan, one of the nation's highest civilian awards.
*Anil D Ambani**
T*he fourth richest Indian today, with a net worth of about $13.5 billion, Anil Ambani is chairman of Reliance Communications, Reliance Capital, Reliance Energy and Reliance Natural Resources Limited.Before the Reliance empire split, he was vice chairman and managing director of Reliance Industries Limited. The Reliance group was founded by his late father Dhirubhai Ambani.Anil was born on June 4, 1959. He joined Reliance in 1983, two years after his elder brother Mukesh, as co-chief executive officer. He is credited with leading India's foray into overseas capital markets with international public offerings of global depositary receipts, convertibles and bonds. He also directed RIL's efforts to raise $2 billion from global markets.Anil was elected as an independent Member of the Rajya Sabha with the support of the Samajwadi Party, but resigned on March 25, 2006.Ambani who was once ridiculed for being overweight at a shareholder's meeting is now a fitness freak and runs the Mumbai marathon regularly.He has a bachelor's degree in Science from the University of Bombay and a master's in Business Administration from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.He is married to former Bollywood actress Tina Munim.
*Sunil Mittal*
*S*unil B Mittal is chairman and managing director of Bharti group. Bharti is India's largest GSM-based mobile phone service.Son of a politician, he built his Bharti group, along with two siblings, into India's largest mobile phone operator in just ten years. Vodafone and SingTel both own stakes in recently renamed flagship Bharti Airtel. The group also has partnerships with Axa for insurance and with the Rothschild family for exporting fruits and vegetables. He plans to go into retailing along with the world's largest retailer Wal-Mart.The 49-year-old has always been a pioneer. A first generation entrepreneur, he started his first business in 1976 with a capital investment of Rs 20,000. He decided not to be a politician and set up a small bicycle business in Ludhiana. By 1979, Sunil Mittal realised that his ambitions could not be fulfilled in Ludhiana, so he moved out to Mumbai. He initially founded a number of trading concerns, and established the first company to manufacture push button telephones in India.In 1982, Mittal started a full-fledged business selling portable generators imported from Japan. He was one of the first entrepreneurs to identify the mobile telecom business as a major growth area and launched services in Delhi in 1995. Under his leadership the company has gone from strength to strength.
*K V Kamath*
*K*undapur Vaman Kamath is the managing director and CEO of ICICI Bank, the largest private bank in India.Kamath, born on December 2, 1947, began his career with ICICI -- the parent body of ICICI Bank -- in 1971 and has since then worked to take ICICI places. He has helped the financial institution evolve into a modern, tech-savvy organisation.He joined the project finance division of ICICI in 1971 and moved on to different departments to gather rich experience. In 1988, he joined the Asian Development Bank, Manila in their private sector department. He worked in most of the developing countries in the region including China, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia and Vietnam. In May 1996, he returned to ICICI as its managing director and chief executive officer.He is a graduate of the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad.
*Kumar Mangalam Birla*
*K*umar Mangalam Birla, born on June 14, 1967, is among the richest persons in India and the eighth youngest billionaire outside India.He is chairman of the Aditya Birla Group, one of India's largest business groups. Some of the AV Birla group's companies are: Grasim, Hindalco, UltraTech Cement, Aditya Birla Nuvo and Idea Cellular.He took over as chairman of the group in 1995, at the age of 28, after the sudden demise of his father, Aditya Birla.When he took charge, there were doubts about his ability to handle the giant business house, but he proved all naysayers wrong.In the 11 years that he has led the group, he has won admiration, recognition and praise for his management acumen and contribution to the industry.Under his leadership, the group has consolidated its position in existing businesses and ventured into cellular telephony, asset management, software and BPO.He is a chartered accountant and also holds an MBA from the London Business School.
*Rahul Bajaj*
*R*ahul Bajaj is the chairman of the Bajaj Group, which ranks among the top 10 business houses in India. He is one of India's most distinguished business leaders and internationally respected for his business acumen and entrepreneurial spirit.He took over the reins of Bajaj group in 1965. Under his leadership, the turnover of the Bajaj Auto the flagship company has risen from Rs 72 million to Rs 46.16 billion. The initiation of liberalisation in India posed great challenges for Bajaj Auto. Liberalisation brought the threat of cheap imports and FDI from top companies like Honda. Rahul Bajaj became famous as the head of the Bombay Club, which opposed liberalisation.The scooter sales plummeted as people were more interested in motorcycles and the rival Hero Honda was a pioneer in it. The recession and stock market collapse of 2001 hit the company hard and it was predicted that the days of Bajaj Auto were numbered.However, Bajaj Auto re-invented itself, established a world-class factory in Chakan, invested in R&D and came up with Bajaj Pulsar Motorcycle. Bajaj Pulsar is currently a leader in its segment.Recently, Rahul Bajaj was elected to Rajya Sabha from Maharashtra.He is an alumnus of Harvard, St. Stephen's and Cathedral.
*S*teel tycoon Lakshmi Niwas Mittal is the richest Indian in the world, with an estimated wealth of $25 billion. He resides in London, has his company registered in the Netherlands, but still holds an Indian passport. Although Mittal Steel was already the world's biggest steel company, his king-sized ambitions were evident when he took over steel giant Arcelor to create a new steel behemoth -- Arcelor-Mittal.L N Mittal left India in the mid-1970s to start his career. He was sent to Indonesia by his father to shut down the family's ailing steel plant and sell the land. Instead, young Mittal saw an opportunity and turned the plant around.To prove that this was no fluke, Mittal acquired a 1.3 million tonne, Iscot Steel plant in Trinidad & Tobago, which was losing $100,000 a day. One year of Mittal-style management and it was making profits, the LN Mittal legend was born. That move helped him get into America.The Mexican government seeing the success that Mittal made of Iscot, asked him to take over their ailing steel plants in 1992.But it was not all that smooth. In 1994 Mittal had differences with his brothers and father, and went on to form his own company. The following year Mittal entered the European market, acquiring the 5 million tonne Kazakh steel plant, Karmet.Meanwhile, Mittal had listed Ispat International on the New York and Amsterdam Stock Exchanges in 1997. Eight years later Mittal Steel became the world's largest steel maker when he took over the US's largest steel producer -- the International Steel Group. He then consolidated all his steel holdings into Mittal Steel.
*Ratan Tata*
*Ratan Naval Tata, a bachelor, is the chairman of the Tata Group, India's most respected conglomerate. He was born into a Parsi family in Mumbai (then called Bombay) to Soonoo and Naval Hormusji Tata on December 28, 1937.He did a short stint with Jones and Emmons in Los Angeles, California, before returning to India in 1962. He had earlier turned down an IBM job offer.He joined the family business in 1962 and worked with many of his group's companies. He took over as group chairman from the legendary J R D Tata in 1991.Since then, he has been instrumental in boosting the fortunes of the Tata Group, which has amongst the largest market capitalisations in the Indian stock markets.Tata Motors developed the Tata Indica in 1998. This was the first 'entirely Indian' passenger car. Ratan Tata's dream now is to manufacture a car costing just Rs 100,000.Ratan Tata holds a degree in Architecture and Structural Engineering from Cornell University. He has also done the Advanced Management Program from Harvard Business School in 1974-1975.Ratan Tata was honoured with one of India's highest civilian awards, the Padma Bhushan, on January 26, 2000.
*Mukesh D Ambani*
*Mukesh Ambani, the chairman and managing director of India's largest private sector enterprise -- Reliance Industries Limited -- was born on April 19, 1957.His father, the legendary Dhirubhai Ambani, was then a small businessman who later on rose to become one of the legends of Indian industry.Mukesh joined Reliance Industries in 1981 and was the brain behind Reliance's backward integration from textiles into polyester fibres and into petrochemicals. During the process of backward integration, Mukesh Ambani led the creation of 51 new, world-class manufacturing facilities involving diverse technologies that raised Reliance's manufacturing capacities manifold.The world's largest grassroots petroleum refinery at Jamnagar is his brainchild. He was also the in-charge of Dhirubhai's dream project Reliance Infocomm. But after the split in the Reliance Empire, Reliance Infocomm went to his brother Anil.Mukesh Ambani is now planning to enter retail sector in a big way and will launch a chain of 'Reliance Fresh' retail stores. He also entered into an agreement with the Haryana government to establish a Special Economic Zone with an investment running into billions of rupees.He has a bachelor's degree in Chemical Engineering from University of Bombay and a master's in Business Administration from Stanford University, USA.
*Nandan Nilekani
**Nandan Nilekani is the CEO and managing director of Infosys Technologies. He, along with N R Narayana Murthy and five others, co-founded India's IT jewel, Infosys.Born in Bangalore to Durga and Mohan Rao Nilekani, he graduated from the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay.After graduation, he met Narayana Murthy, who then led Patni Computer Systems's software group, seeking a job. Murthy hired the young engineer. That was the beginning of a relationship that was to create Indian corporate history.Three years later, seven enthusiasts (including Nandan) decided to start their own outfit (Infosys Technologies Ltd) with Murthy in the lead. Their decision rewrote the domestic software industry of India.He became the chief executive officer of Infosys in March 2002. He now leads the company with Narayana Murthy having retired in August 2006.He is married to Rohini, an English-language novelist, and they have twochildren: daughter Janhavi and son Nihar. He speaks Konkani at home.In 2006, he was awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India. He is regarded by *Time* magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world in its issue of May 2006.
*Azim H Premji*
*A*zim Hashim Premji, the chairman of Wipro Technologies, is one of the richest Indians. He is an icon among Indian businessmen, especially in the software industry.Born on July 24, 1945, Premji was studying Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, USA when due to the sudden demise of his father, he was called upon to handle the family business at the age of 21.Wipro was then Western Indian Vegetable Products, a small cooking oil company. Premji diversified into bakery fats, ethnic ingredient based toiletries, hair care soaps, baby toiletries, lighting products and hydraulic cylinders. And then shifted focus from soaps to software.He transformed Wipro into one of India's most successful IT companies.Under Azim Premji's stewardship, Wipro has grown from a fledgling Rs 70 million oil company into an IT giant with a turnover of $2.4 billion and an employee strength of 57,000.Azim Premji has regularly featured in the *Forbes'* list of the world's richest people. He was also rated among the world's 100 most influential people by the *Time* magazine.In 2005, the Indian government honoured him with Padma Bhushan, one of the nation's highest civilian awards.
*Anil D Ambani**
T*he fourth richest Indian today, with a net worth of about $13.5 billion, Anil Ambani is chairman of Reliance Communications, Reliance Capital, Reliance Energy and Reliance Natural Resources Limited.Before the Reliance empire split, he was vice chairman and managing director of Reliance Industries Limited. The Reliance group was founded by his late father Dhirubhai Ambani.Anil was born on June 4, 1959. He joined Reliance in 1983, two years after his elder brother Mukesh, as co-chief executive officer. He is credited with leading India's foray into overseas capital markets with international public offerings of global depositary receipts, convertibles and bonds. He also directed RIL's efforts to raise $2 billion from global markets.Anil was elected as an independent Member of the Rajya Sabha with the support of the Samajwadi Party, but resigned on March 25, 2006.Ambani who was once ridiculed for being overweight at a shareholder's meeting is now a fitness freak and runs the Mumbai marathon regularly.He has a bachelor's degree in Science from the University of Bombay and a master's in Business Administration from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.He is married to former Bollywood actress Tina Munim.
*Sunil Mittal*
*S*unil B Mittal is chairman and managing director of Bharti group. Bharti is India's largest GSM-based mobile phone service.Son of a politician, he built his Bharti group, along with two siblings, into India's largest mobile phone operator in just ten years. Vodafone and SingTel both own stakes in recently renamed flagship Bharti Airtel. The group also has partnerships with Axa for insurance and with the Rothschild family for exporting fruits and vegetables. He plans to go into retailing along with the world's largest retailer Wal-Mart.The 49-year-old has always been a pioneer. A first generation entrepreneur, he started his first business in 1976 with a capital investment of Rs 20,000. He decided not to be a politician and set up a small bicycle business in Ludhiana. By 1979, Sunil Mittal realised that his ambitions could not be fulfilled in Ludhiana, so he moved out to Mumbai. He initially founded a number of trading concerns, and established the first company to manufacture push button telephones in India.In 1982, Mittal started a full-fledged business selling portable generators imported from Japan. He was one of the first entrepreneurs to identify the mobile telecom business as a major growth area and launched services in Delhi in 1995. Under his leadership the company has gone from strength to strength.
*K V Kamath*
*K*undapur Vaman Kamath is the managing director and CEO of ICICI Bank, the largest private bank in India.Kamath, born on December 2, 1947, began his career with ICICI -- the parent body of ICICI Bank -- in 1971 and has since then worked to take ICICI places. He has helped the financial institution evolve into a modern, tech-savvy organisation.He joined the project finance division of ICICI in 1971 and moved on to different departments to gather rich experience. In 1988, he joined the Asian Development Bank, Manila in their private sector department. He worked in most of the developing countries in the region including China, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia and Vietnam. In May 1996, he returned to ICICI as its managing director and chief executive officer.He is a graduate of the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad.
*Kumar Mangalam Birla*
*K*umar Mangalam Birla, born on June 14, 1967, is among the richest persons in India and the eighth youngest billionaire outside India.He is chairman of the Aditya Birla Group, one of India's largest business groups. Some of the AV Birla group's companies are: Grasim, Hindalco, UltraTech Cement, Aditya Birla Nuvo and Idea Cellular.He took over as chairman of the group in 1995, at the age of 28, after the sudden demise of his father, Aditya Birla.When he took charge, there were doubts about his ability to handle the giant business house, but he proved all naysayers wrong.In the 11 years that he has led the group, he has won admiration, recognition and praise for his management acumen and contribution to the industry.Under his leadership, the group has consolidated its position in existing businesses and ventured into cellular telephony, asset management, software and BPO.He is a chartered accountant and also holds an MBA from the London Business School.
*Rahul Bajaj*
*R*ahul Bajaj is the chairman of the Bajaj Group, which ranks among the top 10 business houses in India. He is one of India's most distinguished business leaders and internationally respected for his business acumen and entrepreneurial spirit.He took over the reins of Bajaj group in 1965. Under his leadership, the turnover of the Bajaj Auto the flagship company has risen from Rs 72 million to Rs 46.16 billion. The initiation of liberalisation in India posed great challenges for Bajaj Auto. Liberalisation brought the threat of cheap imports and FDI from top companies like Honda. Rahul Bajaj became famous as the head of the Bombay Club, which opposed liberalisation.The scooter sales plummeted as people were more interested in motorcycles and the rival Hero Honda was a pioneer in it. The recession and stock market collapse of 2001 hit the company hard and it was predicted that the days of Bajaj Auto were numbered.However, Bajaj Auto re-invented itself, established a world-class factory in Chakan, invested in R&D and came up with Bajaj Pulsar Motorcycle. Bajaj Pulsar is currently a leader in its segment.Recently, Rahul Bajaj was elected to Rajya Sabha from Maharashtra.He is an alumnus of Harvard, St. Stephen's and Cathedral.
What is life All About....A Short Story
Long time ago, there was an Emperor who told his horseman that if he could ride on his horse and cover as much land area as he likes, then the Emperor would give him the area of land he has covered. Sure enough, the horseman quickly jumped onto his horse and rode as fast as possible to cover as much land area as he could. He kept on riding and riding, whipping the horse to go as fast as possible. When he was hungry,thirsty or tired, he did not stop because he wanted to cover as much area as possible. Came to a point when he had covered a substantial area and he was exhausted and was dying. Then he asked himself, "Why did I pushed myself so hard to cover so much land area? Now I am dying and I only need a very small area to bury myself." The above story is similar with the journey of our Life. We push very hard everyday to make more money, to gain power and recognition. We neglect our health, time with our family and to appreciate the surrounding beauty and the hobbies we love to do. One day when we look back, we will realize that we don't really need that much, but then we cannot turn back time for what we have missed. Life is not about making money, acquiring power or recognition. Life is definitely not about work! Work is only necessary to keep us living so as to enjoy the beauty and pleasures of life. Lessons to Learn from The Story: Life is a balance of Work and Play, Family and Personal time. You have to decide how you want to balance your Life. Define your priorities, realize what you are able to compromise but always let some of your decisions be based on your instincts. Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of Life, the whole aim of human existence. So, take it easy, do what you want to do and appreciate nature. Life is fragile, Life is short. Do not take Life for granted. Live a balance lifestyle and enjoy Life!
10 tips to improve the way you speak English
10 tips to improve the way you speak English
Want to 'neutralise' your accent?Many deserving candidates lose out on jobopportunities because of their vernacular accent.Yes, you can. All you need to do is train yourself tospeak English as comfortably and perfectly as youspeak your mother tongue.How do you train yourself?
By inculcating certainpractices in your daily lifestyle. These will get youcloser to sounding like a native English speaker andequip you with a global accent -- and you will speaknot American or British English, but correct English.
This is the first step to learn any other accent, beit American or British or Australian.Lisa Mojsin, head trainer, director and founder of theAccurate English Training Company in Los Angeles,offers these tips to help 'neutralise' your accent orrather do away with the local twang, as you speak
.i. Observe the mouth movements of those who speakEnglish well and try to imitate them.When you are watching television, observe the mouthmovements of the speakers. Repeat what they aresaying, while imitating the intonation and rhythm oftheir speech.
ii. Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythmof English, slow your speech down.If you speak too quickly, and with the wrongintonation and rhythm, native speakers will have ahard time understanding you.Don't worry about your listener getting impatient withyour slow speech -- it is more important thateverything you say be understood
.iii. Listen to the 'music' of English.Do not use the 'music' of your native language whenyou speak English. Each language has its own way of'singing'.
iv. Use the dictionary.Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbolsof your dictionary. Look up the correct pronunciationof words that are hard for you to say.
v. Make a list of frequently used words that you finddifficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks thelanguage well to pronounce them for you.Record these words, listen to them and practice sayingthem. Listen and read at the same time.
vi. Buy books on tape.Record yourself reading some sections of the book.Compare the sound of your English with that of theperson reading the book on the tape.vii. Pronounce the ending of each word.Pay special attention to 'S' and 'ED' endings. Thiswill help you strengthen the mouth muscles that youuse when you speak English.viii. Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes everyday.Research has shown it takes about three months ofdaily practice to develop strong mouth muscles forspeaking a new language.
ix. Record your own voice and listen for pronunciationmistakes.Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice andavoid listening to themselves speak. However, this isa very important exercise because doing it will helpyou become conscious of the mistakes you are making.
x. Be patient.You can change the way you speak but it won't happenovernight. People often expect instant results andgive up too soon. You can change the way you sound ifyou are willing to put some effort into it.Quick tipsVarious versions of the English language exist. Beginby identifying the category you fall into and start byimproving the clarity of your speech.~ Focus on removing the mother tongue influence andthe 'Indianisms' that creep into your Englishconversations.~
Watch the English news on television channels likeStar World, CNN, BBC and English movies on Star Moviesand HBO.~ Listen to and sing English songs. I recommendWestlife, Robbie Williams, Abba, Skeeter Davis andConnie Francis among others.
Want to 'neutralise' your accent?Many deserving candidates lose out on jobopportunities because of their vernacular accent.Yes, you can. All you need to do is train yourself tospeak English as comfortably and perfectly as youspeak your mother tongue.How do you train yourself?
By inculcating certainpractices in your daily lifestyle. These will get youcloser to sounding like a native English speaker andequip you with a global accent -- and you will speaknot American or British English, but correct English.
This is the first step to learn any other accent, beit American or British or Australian.Lisa Mojsin, head trainer, director and founder of theAccurate English Training Company in Los Angeles,offers these tips to help 'neutralise' your accent orrather do away with the local twang, as you speak
.i. Observe the mouth movements of those who speakEnglish well and try to imitate them.When you are watching television, observe the mouthmovements of the speakers. Repeat what they aresaying, while imitating the intonation and rhythm oftheir speech.
ii. Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythmof English, slow your speech down.If you speak too quickly, and with the wrongintonation and rhythm, native speakers will have ahard time understanding you.Don't worry about your listener getting impatient withyour slow speech -- it is more important thateverything you say be understood
.iii. Listen to the 'music' of English.Do not use the 'music' of your native language whenyou speak English. Each language has its own way of'singing'.
iv. Use the dictionary.Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbolsof your dictionary. Look up the correct pronunciationof words that are hard for you to say.
v. Make a list of frequently used words that you finddifficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks thelanguage well to pronounce them for you.Record these words, listen to them and practice sayingthem. Listen and read at the same time.
vi. Buy books on tape.Record yourself reading some sections of the book.Compare the sound of your English with that of theperson reading the book on the tape.vii. Pronounce the ending of each word.Pay special attention to 'S' and 'ED' endings. Thiswill help you strengthen the mouth muscles that youuse when you speak English.viii. Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes everyday.Research has shown it takes about three months ofdaily practice to develop strong mouth muscles forspeaking a new language.
ix. Record your own voice and listen for pronunciationmistakes.Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice andavoid listening to themselves speak. However, this isa very important exercise because doing it will helpyou become conscious of the mistakes you are making.
x. Be patient.You can change the way you speak but it won't happenovernight. People often expect instant results andgive up too soon. You can change the way you sound ifyou are willing to put some effort into it.Quick tipsVarious versions of the English language exist. Beginby identifying the category you fall into and start byimproving the clarity of your speech.~ Focus on removing the mother tongue influence andthe 'Indianisms' that creep into your Englishconversations.~
Watch the English news on television channels likeStar World, CNN, BBC and English movies on Star Moviesand HBO.~ Listen to and sing English songs. I recommendWestlife, Robbie Williams, Abba, Skeeter Davis andConnie Francis among others.
MAGIC WITH MS WORD
This is something pretty cool and neat...and unbelievable...
Open Microsoft Word and type
=rand ( )
And then press ENTERthen see the magic...............................
Open Microsoft Word and type
=rand ( )
And then press ENTERthen see the magic...............................
SOLVE THIS PUZZLE
Solve this
Drill this out and see if you are a mathematician!
Scenario:There is a bus with 7 girls inside,Each girl has 7 bags,Inside each bag, there are 7 Big cats,Each Big cat has 7 small cats,All cats have 4 Legs each!
Question: How many Legs are there inside the bus?
The total number of Legs would be the password for this file: Book121.xls
If you can’t open the file, the answer you obtained is wrong.
Good luck!!
Drill this out and see if you are a mathematician!
Scenario:There is a bus with 7 girls inside,Each girl has 7 bags,Inside each bag, there are 7 Big cats,Each Big cat has 7 small cats,All cats have 4 Legs each!
Question: How many Legs are there inside the bus?
The total number of Legs would be the password for this file: Book121.xls
If you can’t open the file, the answer you obtained is wrong.
Good luck!!
Sunday, May 18, 2008
What is Hedging
Hedging means reducing or controlling risk. This is done by taking a position in the futures market that is opposite to the one in the physical market with the objective of reducing or limiting risks associated with price changes.
Hedging is a two-step process. A gain or loss in the cash position due to changes in price levels will be countered by changes in the value of a futures position. For instance, a wheat farmer can sell wheat futures to protect the value of his crop prior to harvest. If there is a fall in price, the loss in the cash market position will be countered by a gain in futures position.
How hedging is done
In this type of transaction, the hedger tries to fix the price at a certain level with the objective of ensuring certainty in the cost of production or revenue of sale.
The futures market also has substantial participation by speculators who take positions based on the price movement and bet upon it. Also, there are arbitrageurs who use this market to pocket profits whenever there are inefficiencies in the prices. However, they ensure that the prices of spot and futures remain correlated.
Example - case of steel
An automobile manufacturer purchases huge quantities of steel as raw material for automobile production. The automobile manufacturer enters into a contractual agreement to export automobiles three months hence to dealers in the East European market.
This presupposes that the contractual obligation has been fixed at the time of signing the contractual agreement for exports. The automobile manufacturer is now exposed to risk in the form of increasing steel prices. In order to hedge against price risk, the automobile manufacturer can buy steel futures contracts, which would mature three months hence. In case of increasing or decreasing steel prices, the automobile manufacturer is protected. Let us analyse the different scenarios:
Increasing steel prices
If steel prices increase, this would result in increase in the value of the futures contracts, which the automobile manufacturer has bought. Hence, he makes profit in the futures transaction. But the automobile manufacturer needs to buy steel in the physical market to meet his export obligation. This means that he faces a corresponding loss in the physical market.
But this loss is offset by his gains in the futures market. Finally, at the time of purchasing steel in the physical market, the automobile manufacturer can square off his position in the futures market by selling the steel futures contract, for which he has an open position
Decreasing steel prices
If steel prices decrease, this would result in a decrease in the value of the futures contracts, which the automobile manufacturer has bought. Hence, he makes losses in the futures transaction. But the automobile manufacturer needs to buy steel in the physical market to meet his export obligation.
This means that he faces a corresponding gain in the physical market. The loss in the futures market is offset by his gains in the physical market. Finally, at the time of purchasing steel in the physical market, the automobile manufacturer can square off his position in the futures market by selling the steel futures contract, for which he has an open position.
This results in a perfect hedge to lock the profits and protect from increase or decrease in raw material prices. It also provides the added advantage of just-in time inventory management for the automobile manufacturer.
Understanding the meaning of buying/long hedge
A buying hedge is also called a long hedge. Buying hedge means buying a futures contract to hedge a cash position. Dealers, consumers, fabricators, etc, who have taken or intend to take an exposure in the physical market and want to lock- in prices, use the buying hedge strategy. Benefits of buying hedge strategy:
To replace inventory at a lower prevailing cost.To protect uncovered forward sale of finished products.The purpose of entering into a buying hedge is to protect the buyer against price increase of a commodity in the spot market that has already been sold at a specific price but not purchased as yet. It is very common among exporters and importers to sell commodities at an agreed-upon price for forward delivery. If the commodity is not yet in possession, the forward delivery is considered uncovered.
Long hedgers are traders and processors who have made formal commitments to deliver a specified quantity of raw material or processed goods at a later date, at a price currently agreed upon and who do not have the stocks of the raw material necessary to fulfill their forward commitment.
Understanding the meaning of selling/short hedge
A selling hedge is also called a short hedge. Selling hedge means selling a futures contract to hedge.
Uses of selling hedge strategy.
To cover the price of finished products.To protect inventory not covered by forward sales.To cover the prices of estimated production of finished products.Short hedgers are merchants and processors who acquire inventories of the commodity in the spot market and who simultaneously sell an equivalent amount or less in the futures market. The hedgers in this case are said to be long in their spot transactions and short in the futures transactions
Understanding the basis
Usually, in the business of buying or selling a commodity, the spot price is different from the price quoted in the futures market. The futures price is the spot price adjusted for costs like freight, handling, storage and quality, along with the impact of supply and demand factors.
The price difference between the spot and futures keeps on changing regularly. This price difference (spot - futures price) is known as the basis and the risk arising out of the difference is defined as basis risk. A situation in which the difference between spot and futures prices reduces (either negative or positive) is defined as narrowing of the basis.
A narrowing of the basis benefits the short hedger and a widening of the basis benefits the long hedger in a market characterized by contango - when futures price is higher than spot price. In a market characterized by backwardation - when futures quote at a discount to spot price - a narrowing of the basis benefits the long hedger and a widening of the basis benefits the short hedger.
However, if the difference between spot and futures prices increases (either on negative or positive side) it is defined as widening of the basis. The impact of this movement is opposite to that as in the case of narrowing
How Do Investors Hedge?
How Do Investors Hedge? Hedging techniques generally involve the use of complicated financial instruments known as derivatives, the two most common of which are options and futures. We're not going to get into the nitty-gritty of describing how these instruments work, but for now just keep in mind that with these instruments you can develop trading strategies where a loss in one investment is offset by a gain in a derivative.
Let's see how this works with an example. Say you own shares of Tata Steel Corporation (Ticker: TISCO). Although you believe in this company for the long run, you are a little worried about some short-term losses in the TISCO. To protect yourself from a fall in TISCO you can buy a put option (a derivative) on the company, which gives you the right to sell TISCO at a specific price (strike price). This strategy is known as a married put. If your stock price tumbles below the strike price, these losses will be offset by gains in the put option.
LIVE example on TELCO
LIVE example on TELCOCMP 752expected price in feb 850so buy TELCO FUT-feb08 @ 756
once the price moves above 800buy puts Telco Feb 08-800 @ premium say 2/-( just illustrative)
now ur trade is secured @ 800-2( approx value)=798 per share in all negetive movement, in positive movement there is no bar, but negetive is saved.
Hedging is a two-step process. A gain or loss in the cash position due to changes in price levels will be countered by changes in the value of a futures position. For instance, a wheat farmer can sell wheat futures to protect the value of his crop prior to harvest. If there is a fall in price, the loss in the cash market position will be countered by a gain in futures position.
How hedging is done
In this type of transaction, the hedger tries to fix the price at a certain level with the objective of ensuring certainty in the cost of production or revenue of sale.
The futures market also has substantial participation by speculators who take positions based on the price movement and bet upon it. Also, there are arbitrageurs who use this market to pocket profits whenever there are inefficiencies in the prices. However, they ensure that the prices of spot and futures remain correlated.
Example - case of steel
An automobile manufacturer purchases huge quantities of steel as raw material for automobile production. The automobile manufacturer enters into a contractual agreement to export automobiles three months hence to dealers in the East European market.
This presupposes that the contractual obligation has been fixed at the time of signing the contractual agreement for exports. The automobile manufacturer is now exposed to risk in the form of increasing steel prices. In order to hedge against price risk, the automobile manufacturer can buy steel futures contracts, which would mature three months hence. In case of increasing or decreasing steel prices, the automobile manufacturer is protected. Let us analyse the different scenarios:
Increasing steel prices
If steel prices increase, this would result in increase in the value of the futures contracts, which the automobile manufacturer has bought. Hence, he makes profit in the futures transaction. But the automobile manufacturer needs to buy steel in the physical market to meet his export obligation. This means that he faces a corresponding loss in the physical market.
But this loss is offset by his gains in the futures market. Finally, at the time of purchasing steel in the physical market, the automobile manufacturer can square off his position in the futures market by selling the steel futures contract, for which he has an open position
Decreasing steel prices
If steel prices decrease, this would result in a decrease in the value of the futures contracts, which the automobile manufacturer has bought. Hence, he makes losses in the futures transaction. But the automobile manufacturer needs to buy steel in the physical market to meet his export obligation.
This means that he faces a corresponding gain in the physical market. The loss in the futures market is offset by his gains in the physical market. Finally, at the time of purchasing steel in the physical market, the automobile manufacturer can square off his position in the futures market by selling the steel futures contract, for which he has an open position.
This results in a perfect hedge to lock the profits and protect from increase or decrease in raw material prices. It also provides the added advantage of just-in time inventory management for the automobile manufacturer.
Understanding the meaning of buying/long hedge
A buying hedge is also called a long hedge. Buying hedge means buying a futures contract to hedge a cash position. Dealers, consumers, fabricators, etc, who have taken or intend to take an exposure in the physical market and want to lock- in prices, use the buying hedge strategy. Benefits of buying hedge strategy:
To replace inventory at a lower prevailing cost.To protect uncovered forward sale of finished products.The purpose of entering into a buying hedge is to protect the buyer against price increase of a commodity in the spot market that has already been sold at a specific price but not purchased as yet. It is very common among exporters and importers to sell commodities at an agreed-upon price for forward delivery. If the commodity is not yet in possession, the forward delivery is considered uncovered.
Long hedgers are traders and processors who have made formal commitments to deliver a specified quantity of raw material or processed goods at a later date, at a price currently agreed upon and who do not have the stocks of the raw material necessary to fulfill their forward commitment.
Understanding the meaning of selling/short hedge
A selling hedge is also called a short hedge. Selling hedge means selling a futures contract to hedge.
Uses of selling hedge strategy.
To cover the price of finished products.To protect inventory not covered by forward sales.To cover the prices of estimated production of finished products.Short hedgers are merchants and processors who acquire inventories of the commodity in the spot market and who simultaneously sell an equivalent amount or less in the futures market. The hedgers in this case are said to be long in their spot transactions and short in the futures transactions
Understanding the basis
Usually, in the business of buying or selling a commodity, the spot price is different from the price quoted in the futures market. The futures price is the spot price adjusted for costs like freight, handling, storage and quality, along with the impact of supply and demand factors.
The price difference between the spot and futures keeps on changing regularly. This price difference (spot - futures price) is known as the basis and the risk arising out of the difference is defined as basis risk. A situation in which the difference between spot and futures prices reduces (either negative or positive) is defined as narrowing of the basis.
A narrowing of the basis benefits the short hedger and a widening of the basis benefits the long hedger in a market characterized by contango - when futures price is higher than spot price. In a market characterized by backwardation - when futures quote at a discount to spot price - a narrowing of the basis benefits the long hedger and a widening of the basis benefits the short hedger.
However, if the difference between spot and futures prices increases (either on negative or positive side) it is defined as widening of the basis. The impact of this movement is opposite to that as in the case of narrowing
How Do Investors Hedge?
How Do Investors Hedge? Hedging techniques generally involve the use of complicated financial instruments known as derivatives, the two most common of which are options and futures. We're not going to get into the nitty-gritty of describing how these instruments work, but for now just keep in mind that with these instruments you can develop trading strategies where a loss in one investment is offset by a gain in a derivative.
Let's see how this works with an example. Say you own shares of Tata Steel Corporation (Ticker: TISCO). Although you believe in this company for the long run, you are a little worried about some short-term losses in the TISCO. To protect yourself from a fall in TISCO you can buy a put option (a derivative) on the company, which gives you the right to sell TISCO at a specific price (strike price). This strategy is known as a married put. If your stock price tumbles below the strike price, these losses will be offset by gains in the put option.
LIVE example on TELCO
LIVE example on TELCO
once the price moves above 800buy puts Telco Feb 08-800 @ premium say 2/-( just illustrative)
now ur trade is secured @ 800-2( approx value)=798 per share in all negetive movement, in positive movement there is no bar, but negetive is saved.
How to invest in Stock Markets?
1 You will never succeed in Share Markets if your investment decisions are based on tips from Brokers and friends. You should study the markets, analyze the trends, take calculated risks and then invest in stocks.
2. Learn lessons from failures. Even great investors like Warren Buffett suffered losses in his early days.
3. Identify your risk profile basing on your age, economical status, risk bearing capacity and future needs.
4. Never put all your money in single investment portfolio. Diversify them.
5. There are no shortcuts to earn money in share markets. You should work hard to make money in stocks as in other fields.
6. Never follow herd mentality. Buy valuable stocks when panic investors are selling them. Sell over valued shares when all are buying them. Never afraid to buy a fundamentally strong but undervalued stock. This is the key to the success of Warren Buffett. This is called Value investing.
7. Large caps are secure while midcaps give high returns. Identify the future sector and find the best stock in that sector. Accumulate those stocks. Power and Shipping are the future growth sectors in India.
8. Never invest in Z category stocks or rupee stocks just for the sake of high returns
.9. Never invest without stop loss and target. Never change them without any specific reason.
10. Read at least 2 business news papers and investment magazines.Take care, happy investing!
2. Learn lessons from failures. Even great investors like Warren Buffett suffered losses in his early days.
3. Identify your risk profile basing on your age, economical status, risk bearing capacity and future needs.
4. Never put all your money in single investment portfolio. Diversify them.
5. There are no shortcuts to earn money in share markets. You should work hard to make money in stocks as in other fields.
6. Never follow herd mentality. Buy valuable stocks when panic investors are selling them. Sell over valued shares when all are buying them. Never afraid to buy a fundamentally strong but undervalued stock. This is the key to the success of Warren Buffett. This is called Value investing.
7. Large caps are secure while midcaps give high returns. Identify the future sector and find the best stock in that sector. Accumulate those stocks. Power and Shipping are the future growth sectors in India.
8. Never invest in Z category stocks or rupee stocks just for the sake of high returns
.9. Never invest without stop loss and target. Never change them without any specific reason.
10. Read at least 2 business news papers and investment magazines.Take care, happy investing!
Stocks Dictionary
Stock : Part of Ownership in Company
IPO : Initial Public Offer. First issuance of Securities to General public
Primary Market : IPO's issuing Market
Secondary Market : Financial Market for trading Shares,Bonds,Mutual Funds etc. ex.BSE
Dividends : Distribution of companies earnings to its investors
Ask: Offered price of the underlying securities by the seller. This is usually also followed by the volume.
Bid : Offered price of the underlying securities by the buyer. This is usually also followed by the volume
Bull : Investors who anticipate a rise in the market
Bear : Investors who anticipate a fall in the market.
Blue chip : Stocks which are well respected and well established. Ex. Infosys is a blue chip stock
P/E Ratio : Valuation of the company compared to its per share earnings
Margin Account : Account in which brokerage lends money to trade securities .
Bonus Issue : Securities might offer some more securities to its existing investors instead of increasing dividends
ADR : Securities listed in American exchanges are called ADR or American Depository Receipts .
Lock in Period : Period in which this security can not be traded in the market
Penny Stock : Stocks which are trading below there is market value. Ex. If the stock was issued at Rs.10 but now trading at Rs.1 , then it can qualify for Penny stock
Index Funds : These consist of all the shares traded in the market. Traded in the market just like stocks .
Stock Splits : Splitting a security into smaller chunks to allow more investors to participate.
Floor Price : The Minimum Price at which the security is traded, used during IPO process.
Book Building Process : Securities are priced within a price band i.e. the bid has a higher price and a lower price.
The final price is decided after the bidding process ends.
Underwriters : Institutions/persons who guarantee the sale of the IPO'ed securities.
Merchant Banker : Institutions which certify the companies to be compliant to SEBI Rules and regulations
Secondary Offering : Securities of Companies which are listed on the market
Face Value : Actual price of the Security
Fully Subscribed : Situation in which the underwriter is successfully able to sell all the available securities of that particular IPO
GDR : Securities which could be traded in multiple locations around the world.
Growth Stock : Companies which are expected to grow at above average, relative to the market.
Value Stock : Companies which are trading below their worth
Stop Order : an order to buy/sell a security once it reaches a particular value
Float: Number of shares available to actually trade in the market.
IPO : Initial Public Offer. First issuance of Securities to General public
Primary Market : IPO's issuing Market
Secondary Market : Financial Market for trading Shares,Bonds,Mutual Funds etc. ex.BSE
Dividends : Distribution of companies earnings to its investors
Ask: Offered price of the underlying securities by the seller. This is usually also followed by the volume.
Bid : Offered price of the underlying securities by the buyer. This is usually also followed by the volume
Bull : Investors who anticipate a rise in the market
Bear : Investors who anticipate a fall in the market.
Blue chip : Stocks which are well respected and well established. Ex. Infosys is a blue chip stock
P/E Ratio : Valuation of the company compared to its per share earnings
Margin Account : Account in which brokerage lends money to trade securities .
Bonus Issue : Securities might offer some more securities to its existing investors instead of increasing dividends
ADR : Securities listed in American exchanges are called ADR or American Depository Receipts .
Lock in Period : Period in which this security can not be traded in the market
Penny Stock : Stocks which are trading below there is market value. Ex. If the stock was issued at Rs.10 but now trading at Rs.1 , then it can qualify for Penny stock
Index Funds : These consist of all the shares traded in the market. Traded in the market just like stocks .
Stock Splits : Splitting a security into smaller chunks to allow more investors to participate.
Floor Price : The Minimum Price at which the security is traded, used during IPO process.
Book Building Process : Securities are priced within a price band i.e. the bid has a higher price and a lower price.
The final price is decided after the bidding process ends.
Underwriters : Institutions/persons who guarantee the sale of the IPO'ed securities.
Merchant Banker : Institutions which certify the companies to be compliant to SEBI Rules and regulations
Secondary Offering : Securities of Companies which are listed on the market
Face Value : Actual price of the Security
Fully Subscribed : Situation in which the underwriter is successfully able to sell all the available securities of that particular IPO
GDR : Securities which could be traded in multiple locations around the world.
Growth Stock : Companies which are expected to grow at above average, relative to the market.
Value Stock : Companies which are trading below their worth
Stop Order : an order to buy/sell a security once it reaches a particular value
Float: Number of shares available to actually trade in the market.
INTRODUCTION TO STOCK MARKETS
A stock market is a market for the trading of company stock, and derivatives of same; both of these are securities listed on a stock exchange as well as those only traded privately.Select a broker or investment advisor who understands your financial objectives. Interview several to compare experience, education and professional background. The stock market is one of the most important resources for companies to gain money. This helps businesses to go public, or raise extra money for expansion. The liquidity that an exchange helps affords investors the ability to quickly and easily sell securities. This is an attractive feature of investing in stocks.Exchanges also act as the clearinghouse for every transaction, meaning that they collect and deliver the shares, and guarantee payment to the seller of a security. This eliminates the risk to an individual buyer or seller that the counterparty could default on the transaction.
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